PLA polymer binder in core production - influence on final casting dimensions
Main Article Content
Abstract
The foundry industry is seeking an ecological alternative to synthetic molding resins. This study evaluates the technological properties of core sands bonded with biodegradable polylactide (PLA). Cores prepared on a 2% quartz sand matrix were subjected to casting processes using two alloys with extremely different pouring temperatures: gray cast iron (approx. 1200 °C) and AK11 silumin (approx. 710 °C). The research methodology included macroscopic assessment, dimensional analysis using 3D scanning (GOM Inspect), and qualitative knock-out assessment supported by numerical temperature field simulation. The results showed that the high crystallization temperature of cast iron leads to complete thermal degradation of the binder, ensuring excellent knock-out properties.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Welding Technology Review (WTR) articles are published open access under a CC BY licence (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence). The CC BY licence is the most open licence available and considered the industry 'gold standard' for open access; it is also preferred by many funders. This licence allows readers to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to alter, transform, or build upon the material, including for commercial use, providing the original author is credited.
References
Lewandowski, J.L. Tworzywa na formy i rdzenie; Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN: Warszawa, 1991
Beeley, P.R. Foundry Technology; 2nd ed.; Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 2001
Sakwa, W.; Wachelko, T. Teoria i praktyka materiałów formierskich; Wydawnictwo Śląsk: Katowice, 1981
Campbell, J. Complete Casting Handbook: Metal Casting Processes, Metallurgy, Techniques and Design; Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 2011
Holtzer, M.; Dańko, R.; Żymankowska-Kumon, S. Materiały wiążące stosowane w masach formierskich i rdzeniowych – wybrane zagadnienia; Wydawnictwo Naukowe AKAPIT: Kraków, 2014
Tabor, A.; Rączka, J.S. Odlewnictwo; Wydawnictwo-Dydaktyczne AGH: Kraków, 1996
Jain, P.L. Principles of Foundry Technology; 5th ed.; Tata McGraw-Hill Education: New Delhi, 2009
Ettemeyer, F.; Lechner, P.; Hofmann, T.; Andrä, H.; Schneider, M.; Grund, D.; Volk, W.; Günther, D. Digital sand core physics: Predicting physical properties of sand cores by simulations on digital microstructures. Int.
J. Solids Struct. 2020, 188–189, 155–168, doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.09.014
Nowak, B.; Pająk, J. Biodegradacja polilaktydu (PLA); Katedra Biochemii Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska Uniwersytet Śląski, 2010
Fabijański, M.; Garbarski, J.; Szymaniak, Z. Modifying Polylactide with Powdered Cork Filler. Materials (Basel). 2025, 18, 5606, doi:10.3390/ma18245606
Fabijański, M.; Gołofit, T. Influence of Processing Parameters on Mechanical Properties and Degree of Crystallization of Polylactide. Materials (Basel). 2024, 17, 3584, doi:10.3390/ma17143584
Tyler, B.; Gullotti, D.; Mangraviti, A.; Utsuki, T.; Brem, H. Polylactic acid (PLA) controlled delivery carriers for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2016, 107, 163–175, doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.018
Farah, S.; Anderson, D.G.; Langer, R. Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2016, 107, 367–392, doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.012
Garlotta, D. A literature review of poly(lactic acid). J. Polym. Environ. 2001, 9, 63–84, doi:10.1023/a:1020200822435
Auras, R.; Lim, L.T.; Selke, S.E.M.; Tsuji, H. POLY(LACTIC ACID): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010; ISBN 9780470649848
Tryznowski, M.; Soroczyński, A. Use of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) as a binder for molding sands for foundry industry. Przem. Chem. 2020, 2020, 146–149, doi:10.15199/62.2020.10.23
Kozłowski, J.; Kochański, A.; Perzyk, M.; Tryznowski, M. Zastosowanie PLA jako spoiwa w masach formierskich i rdzeniowych. Arch. Foundry Eng. 2014, 14, 51–54
Upadhyay, M.; Sivarupan, T.; El Mansori, M. 3D printing for rapid sand casting—A review. J. Manuf. Process, 2017, 29, 211–220, doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.07.017
Gołaszewski, M.; Grygoruk, R.; Bissenik, I. 3D printing and 3D scanning processes applied to design and to produce artificial limb for animal. Mechanik 2015, 682–684, doi:10.17814/mechanik.2015.8-9.498
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Dimensional and geometrical tolerances for moulded parts - Part 1: Vocabulary (ISO 8062-1:2007) 2008